探讨一下BLUES会的补充不会的学习
想弹布鲁斯,应该了解布鲁斯音阶,吉他手应该知道怎样在称之为“方块”的指板位置上弹奏布鲁斯音阶,不过我们还是先从布鲁斯音调的一些特性说起。
如果从根音开始弹奏一个音阶,大调音阶的话是这样的:(大调音阶通常也叫做自然音阶)
I + II + III - IV + V + VI + VII - I.
在最常用的布鲁斯调中,应该是如下形式(从C大调开始):
C: C + D + E - F + G + A + B - C
G: G + A + B - C + D + E + F# - G
D: D + E + F# - G + A + B + C# - D
A: A + B + C# - D + E + F# + G# - A
E: E + F# + G# - A + B + C# + D# - E
如果两个音符之间有一个+,表示两者相差一个全音(两品),- 表示相差半音(一品)。I音和III音之间的的音程决定这是个大调还是小调:如果I音和III音之间是大三度,包含两个全音(四品),那么这是大调;如果I音和III音之间是小三度,包含1个全音和1个半音(三品),那么是小调。
布鲁斯音阶是这样的:
I + - IIIb + IV + V + - VIIb + I.
在五个调里的形式如下:
C: C + - Eb + F + G + - Bb + C
G: G + - Bb + C + D + - F + G
D: D + - F + G + A + - C + D
A: A + - C + D + E + - G + A
E: E + - G + A + B + - D + E
与大调音阶的7个音相比,布鲁斯音阶包含五个音,注意布鲁斯音阶没有II音和VI音,III音和VII 音降了半音。
如果我们把大调和布鲁斯音阶平行的写出来,看上去是这样的:
Major: I + II + III - IV + V + VI + VII - I
Blues: I + - IIIb + IV + V + - VIIb + I
I音到IIIb音之间的音程是小三度,说明这是个小调,但是布鲁斯的旋律通常是在大三和弦上演奏的,而一个大三和弦是由I 音、III音、 V音组成的。所以我们经常在大三和弦上弹奏基于小三度音阶的旋律,由于这个原因,布鲁斯没有很牢固的调性,但是这恰恰是布鲁斯音色的一部分。
和大调里的VII相比,你大概也注意到了布鲁斯音节的VIIb音,如果你读过我关于12小节布鲁斯形式的课程,大概还记得我强调的属七到主和弦的关系。并且我还强调了建立在VII上的音程的效果:首先是VII音到IV之间的减五度音程,然后是VII音到II音之间的小三度音程。现在你会注意到VII音和II音在布鲁斯音阶中都被省略了,但是仍然是布鲁斯和声的一部分。
让我们來介绍“方块指型”
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
1 4 7b 3b 5 1
| | | | | |
+===+===+===+===+===+
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
| 5 1 4 | |
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
3b | | | 7b 3b
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
方块1:数字表示的是音阶上音符的序号,我用指板上的双线表示方块的开始品位。如果你在第5品开始弹,那么弹的是A调布鲁斯,8品是C调,12品和开放弦都是E调。
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
| 5 1 4 | |
| | | | | |
+===+===+===+===+===+
| | | | | |
3b | | | 7b 3b
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
| | | 5 | |
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
4 7b 3b | 1 4
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
方块2:7品A调,10品C调,12品和开放弦D调,2品和14品E调
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
| | | 5 | |
| | | | | |
+===+===+===+===+===+
| | | | | |
4 7b 3b | 1 4
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
5 1 4 7b | 5
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
| | | | 3b |
| | | | | |
方块3:9品A调,12品和开放弦C调,2品D调,4品E调
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
5 1 4 7b | 5
| | | | | |
+===+===+===+===+===+
| | | | | |
| | | | 3b |
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
| | 5 1 | |
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
7b 3b | | 4 7b
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
方块4:12品和开放弦A调,3品和15品C调,5品D调,7品E调
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
| | 5 1 | |
| | | | | |
+===+===+===+===+===+
| | | | | |
7b 3b | | 4 7b
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | |
1 4 7b 3b 5 1
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+---+---+---+---+---+
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