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本帖最后由 rattie 于 2014-11-24 02:36 编辑
这个是美国的爵士贝斯手Todd Johnson在Talk Bass论坛上给众即兴学习者提供的一些小贴士，觉得他说得蛮有道理，我帮大家翻译一下。帖子最后放出他推荐大家听的爵士曲目。
另外推荐他的教材：Walking Bass Line Module System Volume 1 （DVD）
学习爵士贝斯即兴的很好的入门书籍。
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Here's a step by step method for getting a great start on learning how to improvise.
现在要告诉大家如何一步一步开始学习即兴。
1. Get a good recording of the song you're trying to learn. Too many people try to learn jazz/soloing from a book with their eyes. You wouldn't learn to speak Japanese out of a book, would you? NO!! You'd use the book, but you'd also hang out with Japanese speaking people, watch Japanese TV and DVD's......you get the point. Jazz/music is the same way.....you have to LISTEN to what you're tying to learn. So, get a "reasonable" version of the tune you're learning....Autumn Leaves for example; (Miles w/Cannonball is one of the great versions) I highly recommend itunes for this....anyway..... It's REALLY important to have something to listen to and imitate etc. CRITICAL STUFF......
1。首先你打算学什么歌曲，必须要准备一个好且清晰的音频版本。太多人只用眼睛学习，以为看了书就可以学会弹爵士。你能只通过一本书来学会一门外语么，不能吧，不光要看书，还要学习听和说，要听DVD，看外国节目，跟外国人练习口语等等才能学会。那么学习爵士也是一个道理：你必须通过听来学习。所以你要准备好打算听的歌曲，比如Autumn leaves （Miles w/Cannonball 版本最好）。听和模仿对于学习爵士是至关重要的。
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2. LEARN THE MELODY............ Most bass players try to learn how to solo and play melodically, yet they've NEVER played a melody in their life!!! How can we hope to sound melodic if we've never played a melody??
As bass players.....we learn bass lines....no wonder our solos sound like "doubled up bass lines...up an octave". Sound familiar??? Make sense???
So.. learn the melody. Practice playing along with Miles....play along with Sinatra, Nat Cole etc.....it's important to have an idea how the LYRICS go...that'll help you with your phrasing.
2。学习歌曲的旋律。大部分贝斯手只去学如何solo或者如何弹得比较优美，但是他们从来都没真正弹过歌曲的旋律。不学主旋律的话如何才能让我们弹的东西听起来旋律优美么？
做为贝斯手我们学弹的是歌曲的贝斯部分，怪不得我们solo起来听上去也不过是把贝斯部分给提高到了高音而已。
所以，学习旋律是必须。跟着Miles Davis的小号一起弹，跟着Sinatra和Nat Cole一起弹等等。心中明白旋律和歌词的走向是非常重要的，因为它帮助我们构思乐句。
3. NOW......practice playing the melody with EMBELLISHMENTS! Practice just using your ear to "dress up" the melody. You'll be amazed at what your ear will tell you. PLUS....the whole idea is to learn to PLAY WHAT YOU HEAR....so you need to start practicing that skill!!!! If you don't practice that skill,......then you won't get better at it.....
I don't mean so sound like a "wise-guy", but VERY FEW bass players practice this way.
3。接下来需要练习的是把旋律加上一些装饰来弹。用你的耳朵来给旋律加装饰，也许你会感叹原来你的耳朵能够帮助你那么多。重点就是利用耳朵来学习来练习，这个是学习即兴的最重要的技能。如果你不练习耳朵，那你永远也不能进步。
4. NOW.....Use these simple improvising tips:
4。现在要给出一些简单的即兴要领：
Play the 3rd of every chord. (a half note will do for now...in time... with a play-along etc.)
弹每个和弦的3音（二份音符即可，跟着背景乐一起弹）
Play the 5th of every chord.
弹每个和弦的5音
Play the 7th of every chord.
弹每个和弦的7音
Play the 3 & 5 of every chord.
弹每个和弦的3音和5音
Play the 3 & 7 of every chord.
弹每个和弦的3音和7音
Play the 12321 of every scale play 32123 of every scale. (simple eight note patterns)
弹每个音阶的12321音，弹每个音阶的32123音（八份音符）
Play the 34543 of every scale - play 54345 of every scale.
弹每个音阶的34543音，弹每个音阶的54345音
Play the 56765 of every scale play 76567 of every scale
弹每个音阶的56765音，弹每个音阶的76567音
You'll notice that most of these DON'T START ON THE ROOT!! As bass players we're taught to ALWAYS play the letter name of the chord on the downbeat.....which is what we're supposed to do as bass players, OK? Good.
BUT.....that training doesn't lend itself to good melodic playing. SO..........we need to develop the ability to look/hear a chord change and NOT PLAY THE ROOT.
This was REALLY hard for me personally......but once I broke free, it opened everything up. It's hard to see a Bb7 chord and "not" play a Bb on the downbeat. Can I get an Amen? Ha!
Another tip I would mention is to try NOT playing on the downbeat. Start on the "and" of one...or on beat 2.
现在你发现这些练习大部分都没有从根音开始！做为贝斯手我们从来都被教要在重拍上弹根音，但是这样并不能帮助我们弹出好听的即兴。我们必须能够在不弹根音的情况下，仍然能分辨出和弦进行。
这个一开始对我来说是非常困难的，但是一旦我突破了这一点，其他的事也都变得容易起来。
另外就是除了不弹根音以外，也不要从重拍开始弹，而是要从第二拍（或者第四拍）开始弹。
DISCLAIMER: Now realize all this information is "ONLY" for melodic playing.....not for bass playing. When you're playing bass, PLAY THE ROOT ON THE DOWNBEAT....sorry....just wanted to protect myself.....I don't wan't somebody to get fired from a gig and then saying, "Todd Johnson said not to play on the downbeat"..... You get my point!!
脑补：刚才说的不弹根音的方法仅仅为了练习，而不是说你去演出的时候不弹根音不弹重拍，我可不想谁因为听了我的话去演出时不弹根音而被开除哈。
Also notice that I have you playing "fragments" of the scale instead of the whole scale.
It's been my experience that when you teach bass players to play scales over changes, they play them from the root to the octave and back down. Then they wonder why their solos sound like scales??? DUH!! That's because that's what you just practiced!!
另外注意的是我上面要求大家弹的只是音阶的一部分，而不是全部。我以往的教学经验是如果你让一个贝斯手弹音阶变化，他们就会从根音一直弹到八度音然后再弹回来，接着他们就开始纠结为什么他们的solo听起来像在弹音阶。废话，因为你练习的时候就是那么练的哈～
5. TRANSCRIBE A SOLO OR MELODIC FRAGMENTS (VOCABULARY)
I would recommend learning/transcribing all or part of a solo. Pick one that is "attractive" to your ears, yet is "playable".
Too many guys start off trying to transcribe Coltrane or Michael Brecker and then get discouraged because they can't do it. DUH!! That's because it's WAY TOO HARD!! SO.....pick someone that's GREAT, but playable....like Miles Davis....or Wes Montgomery.....Stan Getz......Chet Baker etc. You get the point. Start there and work your way up.
Realize that soloing is a LANGUAGE!!! You don't start off learning English by learning the "Gettysburg address"....do you? NO.....you learn a language by saying....momma....daddy....counting to ten....where's the bathroom....how much is that?.....etc. You get the point. Then you work your way up to longer phrases with deeper content.
I hope this makes sense.......
You asked! ....but this is how I teach improvisation. It takes just a little longer than most methods, but with MUCH BETTER RESULTS!!! ........and that' the whole point.
Well, there you go.....have fun and PLAY SLOW!! Take your time. It takes kids 10 years to learn to speak at a high level......learning to improvise is virtually the same process.
5。最后就是扒谱。我建议大家把你喜欢并且能弹的歌曲或者solo都扒下来。很多人一来跑就去扒Coltrane或者Michael Brecker，然后，就没有然后了。原因就是他们一开始选的曲子太难，超出他们的能力范围。所以要选就要选你可以扒的，简单一点的曲子，比如Miles Davis, Wes Montgomery, Stain Getz, Chet Baker等等，一点一点循序渐进。
你要明白的是solo是一门语言。你一开始学语言的时候肯定不是学莎士比亚而是从叫爸爸妈妈，吃喝拉萨开始学起。一个小孩要花将近10年的时间才能把一门语言说熟练。那么学习即兴也是这样，只有依靠长久的循序渐进的学习，才能够到达那样的高度，不能着急要慢慢来。许多人是花了一辈子的时间在研究爵士和即兴上面。
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Todd Johnson推荐大家听的歌曲列表。他建议大家一个星期一首歌的进度来听这些歌曲。
All Blues
All of Me
All the Things you Are
Alone Together
Autumn Leaves
Beautiful Love
Black Orpheus
Blue Bossa
Bluesette
Body and Soul
Bye Bye Blackbird
Cherokee
Corcovado
Cottontail
Days of Wine and Roses
Desafinado
Don't be that Way
Don't Get Around Much Anymore
Fly me to the moon
Footprints
Green Dolphin Street
My Funny Valentine
My Romance
Night and Day
Oleo
Our Love is Here to Stay
Out of Nowhere
Satin Doll
Scrapple From the Apple
Shiny Stockings
Softly As in a Morning Sunrise
Solar
Someday My Prince Will Come
Sometime Ago
St. Thomas
Stella By Starlight
Sweet Georgia Brown
Take the A Train
The Girl From Ipanema
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发表于 2014-11-23 20:54:38
